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Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is the medical term for the condition in which males experience breast enlargement. It can occur unilaterally (on one side) or bilaterally (on both sides) and may lead to negative social and psychological effects. While the exact cause is often idiopathic (unknown), it can result from certain hormone imbalances, medication use, and chronic conditions such as liver, thyroid, or kidney diseases. Gynecomastia may be characterized by an increase in breast glandular tissue, fat tissue, or both. Through a doctor’s examination and diagnostic tests, the underlying tissue causing the issue can be identified, and an appropriate treatment plan can be established. Liposuction is often preferred for treating gynecomastia with a significant amount of fat tissue, whereas cases involving more breast glandular tissue may require surgical excision alongside liposuction. In situations with excess skin, procedures such as VASER (ultrasonic) liposuction can help tighten the skin. However, in cases of larger and sagging breasts, surgical removal of excess skin may be necessary.

Surgery

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and may require an overnight stay at the hospital. The procedure typically takes 1 to 1.5 hours. Small incisions, approximately 0.5 cm in size, are made in areas close to the regions where liposuction will be performed. Special fluid is injected under the skin through these incisions for pain control. After a waiting period, energy-based devices are used to break down the fat, which is then suctioned out from the same incisions. Drains are not usually necessary, and a special compression garment should be worn for about a month following the surgery.

Postoperative Phase

Diet can typically resume shortly after the surgery, and hospital discharge may occur within a few hours after the operation. A special compression garment should be worn for approximately 3 to 4 weeks. Mild fluid leakage from the incision sites may occur during the initial days. Bathing is allowed two days after the surgery. Patients can usually return to work within a week, engage in light physical activities after 3 weeks, and resume strenuous exercise after 6 weeks. Bruising and swelling may appear in the surgical areas and typically subside within 2 to 3 weeks. Complete recovery is usually achieved within 6 months to 1 year, although this timeframe may vary depending on additional procedures performed alongside the gynecomastia surgery.